City, county, provincial or federal government agencies or university departments that are responsible for preserving peace, protecting life and property, preventing and detecting crime and apprehending and arresting suspects. Also included are special constabularies that have full peace officer powers but only within limited jurisdictions, e.g., public parks, public transit facilities, public housing projects.

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Programs offered by law enforcement agencies and other organizations that provide specific measures for discouraging preventable crime, obtaining information from the public about suspected criminal activity, investigating alleged crimes, analyzing physical evidence, providing support for victims and witnesses of crimes and reducing targeted types of crime.

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Programs that provide ground vehicles which transport acutely ill or injured individuals to health care facilities for treatment or from one health care facility to another for specialized care. Ambulances are equipped and staffed to provide medical care during transit and, in communities where the municipality contracts with the company as their emergency medical service provider, are dispatched when residents contact 911 with a medical emergency.

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Programs that provide immediate access to support and advice for people who are in distress with the objective of defusing the emotional impact of the crisis, ensuring the person's safety and helping the person to take the next steps toward resolving the problem. Hotlines/helplines are generally staffed by trained volunteers who are available via the telephone, email, live chat, texting and/or instant message (IM).

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Programs that establish and implement an overall plan for the development and upkeep of the built environment in urban and rural areas; and ensure that new construction on public and private property as well as improvements in current structures meet building codes and standards, zoning requirements and the goals and objectives of the master plan. Also included are local offices that are responsible for initiating and overseeing public works projects and ensuring the smooth operation of basic infrastructure services. Activities may include construction, maintenance and repair of roads, bridges, tunnels and other public ways; operation of waterworks, sewage and drainage systems; development and maintenance of channels and other public waterways; construction and operation of public parking facilities; lighting and signposting of public streets; management of waste materials; and other similar projects.

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