Programs that conduct research which focuses on farm crops and animals, and develops ways of improving their quantity and quality. Scientists working in this area look for ways to improve crop yield with less labour, control pests and weeds more safely and effectively and conserve soil and water. They may also study methods of converting raw agricultural commodities into attractive and healthy food products for consumers.

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Programs that conduct research which focuses on the structure, function, growth, origin, evolution and distribution of living organisms and their relationship to their natural environment.

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Programs that conduct research which focuses on the study of inanimate objects, processes of matter and energy, and associated phenomena; mathematics; engineering; and the application of research in these areas to practical problems.

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Programs that conduct research which focuses on social systems, social institutions and social behaviour. Social sciences research involves the study of all aspects of society, from past events and achievements to human behaviour and relationships among groups; and often results in solutions to social, business, personal, governmental and environmental problems.

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